Power On Process in Computer
Power ON
¯
POST (Power On Self Test)
¯
BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
¯
First Boot Device
¯
BOOT
¯
OS Loading
POST
When power is turned on, POST
(Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that
a computer's basic input/output system (or "starting
program") runs to determine if the computerkeyboard, random access
memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.
BIOS
Short for Basic Input/Output System,
the BIOS, ROM BIOS, or System BIOS is a chip located on
all motherboards that
contain instructions and setup for how your system should boot and how it
operates
BOOT
Booting is a process or set of operations
that loads and hence starts the operating system, starting from the point when
user switches on the power button
BIOS Keys
Vendors
|
Keys
|
Intel
|
F2
|
AMI
|
Del
|
Phenoix
|
Del
|
IBM
|
F1
|
Dell
|
F2
|
Other Bios &
Laptop
|
Esc, F2, F9, F10, F11, F12
|
RAM
RAM is an acronym for random
access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that
is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding
bytes.RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices,
such as printers.
Differenciate the DDR1, DDR2, DDR3
|
DDR1
|
DDR2
|
DDR3
|
Pins
|
184
|
200 to 240
|
240
|
Volts
|
2.5V
|
1.8V
|
1.5V
|
Speed
|
1600 MB/s
|
3200 MB/s
|
6400 MB/s
|
MHz
|
200, 266 , 333 , 400 MHz
|
400 , 533 , 667 , 800 MHz
|
800 , 1066 , 1330,1600 Mhz
|
Version
|
Old
|
Old
|
Latest
|
Available size
|
128Mb - 1Gb
|
256 MB-4 GB
|
1GB-8GB(or)32 GB
|
Package
|
184-pin DIMM
200-pin SODIMM
|
240-pin DIMM, 200-pin SODIMM
|
240-pin DIMM,
204 pinsSO-DIMM
|
Prefetch Buffer
|
2 bits
|
4 bits
|
8 bits
|
Release year
|
2000
|
2003
|
2007
|
Thermal sensor
|
No
|
No
|
Yes(optional)
|
V=Volts MB/s=Mega Byte per Second
DDR3 is the next-generation DDR2 memory technology
which features faster speeds, higher data bandwidths, lower power consumption,
and enhanced thermal performance.
o
Celeron Procesor
o
Pentium 3
o
Pentium 4 (P4)
o
Pentium D
o
Pentium Dual Core
o
Core 2 Duo
o
Core i3
o
Core i5
o
Core i7
o
Install Power ISO
o
Take the pendrive 4 GB and format the pendrive using NTFS File system
o
Tools select and create
Bootable device Drive
o
Select Source File Browse
Install Power ISO
¯
Pen Drive 4 GB and above
¯
NTFS File System
¯
Tools
¯
Create Bootable Device
Drive
¯
Browse the ISO File
¯
Select the destination
File
¯
Start
(OR)
Bootable commands
Start
¯
Search
¯
CMD
¯
Right click run as
Administer
¯
diskpart
¯
listdisk
¯
select disk1
¯
clean
¯
create partition primary
¯
create partition 1
¯
active
¯
Format f=ntfs (It take
some time the format pendrive)
¯
assign
¯
exit
Different Between 32 Bit and 64 Bit
32 Bit
|
64 Bit
|
Maximum
accessible RAM Size is 3.72 GB
|
Above 4 GB and
maximum 192 GB
|
It supports 32 bit
design software only
|
It supports both
32 bit and 64 bit
|
Some processor
are designed 32 bit
|
some processor
are designed 64 bit (Recommended for some imaging software, photoshop, autocad)
|
Some software
& driver it installing 64 bit os it may cause the blue screen error
|
some software and
driver designed 64 bit.
|
File System
A file
system is the underlying
structure a computer uses to organize data on a hard disk. If you are
installing a new hard disk, you need to partition and format it using a file system before you can begin storing data or
programs
Type of File System
o
FAT
o
NTFS
Fat
|
NTFS
|
File Allocation
Table
|
New Technology
File System
|
2 Types
FAT 16,
FAT 32
|
NTFS Version
v3.1: Released
with Windows 7
("NTFS V6.0")
fsutil fsinfo
ntfsinfo c: this a command which is used to View the NTFS Version
|
Difference Between FAT 16& FAT 32
FAT 16
|
FAT 32
|
Maximum File Size 2 GB
|
Maximum File Size
4 GB
|
16 Bit address
|
32 Bit Address
|
Hard Disk Cluster size 32kb
|
Hard Disk Cluster
Size 4kb
|
Maximum Partition File Size 4 GB
|
Maximum File Size
32 GB
|
Difference Between
NTFS & FAT 32
NTFS
|
FAT 32
|
Recommended
minimum volume size is approximately 10 MB. Volumes much larger than 2 TB are
possible
|
Volumes from
512 MB to 32 GB
|
File size limited
only by size of volume.
|
Maximum file size
is 4 GB.
|
NTFS fully using
Window XP & later version
|
FAT using windows
XP & earlier version
|
NTFS Features
1.
File encryption
2.
Compression
3.
Disk Quota
4.
File Security
|
This feature not
available
|
NTFS it is a
reliable and recoverable data
|
It is unreliable
data
|
Cluster size 2 kb
|
Cluster size 4kb
|
It can be support
domains.
|
Does not support
domains.
|
SMPS Types
o
AT - 20 Pins
o
ATX - 24 Pins
o
BTX - 24 Pins
SMPS Wire
|
AT Voltage
|
ATX Voltage
|
Red
|
+5V
|
+5V
|
Yellow
|
+12v
|
+12v
|
Blue
|
-12v
|
-12v
|
White
|
-5v
|
-5v
|
Black
|
Ground
|
Ground
|
Orange
|
+5v
|
+3.3v
|
Green
|
-
|
+5v
|
Brown
|
-
|
+5v
|
Purple
|
-
|
+5v
|
What is the use of wires
Red - Signal Sending
Yellow - Motor Running
White & Blue - Backward Compatibilities
Black - Grounding
Orange - Power Good Signal
Green - ATX main Power Supply
Brown - Power Good Signal
Purple - Auto Power Shut Down
Blue Screen of death (bsod)
Blue screens
are caused by hardware problems and issues with low-level software
running in the Windows kernel. A blue screen occurs when Windows
encounters a “STOP Error.” This critical failure causesWindows to
crash and stop working. The only thing Windows can do is stop the computer and
restart it.
Reasons for causing error
i)
RAM/Addon Card
ii)
Driver
iii) Software
iv) Virus
v)
Hard disk
vi) OS Corruption
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