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Adding a Disk in Linux

The Linux operating system, we need to add a separate new disk for some specific project and also increase space limitation. It's easy to add a disk in Vmware, but we must partition and format the newly added disk as linux administrator(root). Following steps explain how to format the disk in linux.

Step 1:

Create a Disk in VMware

Step 2 :

Start the Virtual Machine

Step 3 :

Login as root and open a terminal window.

Use fdisk -l to list the hard drives.

[root@oraclehost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 650 5116702+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3 651 1032 3068415 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 1033 2610 12675285 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 1033 2610 12675253+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Step 4:

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table. so first formating /dev/sdb is the new device that should be mounted. Create partitions in /dev/sdb as given below.

[root@oraclehost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklable

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-261, default 1): 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):

Using default value 261

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

Step 5:

Create a filesystem for the disk (ext3)

[root@oraclehost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

262144 inodes, 524112 blocks

26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912

16 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done 

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

Step 6:

Then mount the disk to /u01

[root@oraclehost ~]# mkdir /u01

[root@oraclehost ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /u01

[root@oraclehost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 12G 3.5G 7.7G 32% /

/dev/sda3 2.9G 72M 2.7G 3% /tmp

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm

.host:/ 221G 18G 204G 8% /mnt/hgfs

/dev/sdb1 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /u01

Step 7:

To mount the disk automatically after reboot, add a entry in fstab like

[root@oraclehost ~]# vi /etc/fstab

[root@oraclehost ~]# cat /etc/fstab

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1

LABEL=/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2

LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0

To check the entry in fstab , umount and remount the disk.

[root@oraclehost ~]# umount /u01

[root@oraclehost ~]# mount -a

[root@oraclehost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda5 12G 3.5G 7.7G 32% /

/dev/sda3 2.9G 72M 2.7G 3% /tmp

/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot

tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm

.host:/ 221G 18G 204G 8% /mnt/hgfs

/dev/sdb1 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /u01